Northern Cheyenne Ledger-Kansas State Historical Society

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ANIMAL, ELK; COURTING, TWO COUPLES

Ethnographic Notes

44 A bull elk runs from right to left across the page (extended legs show motion). He has dark shoulders and yellow body. He has a small rack of antlers (three by three points), and his round eye is created by an outlined circle of unpigmented paper, contrasting with the dark hide around it. Penciled details include antlers, ears, beard, split hooves, dewclaws, genitalia, midsection (ribs ?), and tail. Composition of the drawing resembles the same right-to-left, full-page orientation of human warrior portraits. Twelve nearly identical images of this male elk appear in this ledger (plates 19-23; 30, 32, 37-41). See further discussion for plate 19. 45 Two couples face each other on the page, with the men in the dominant right-hand positions. The first man has a tomahawk showing from under his blanket, one of the few appearances of this weapon in this and related 1879 Northern Cheyenne Dodge City ledgers. When Colonel Richard Irving Dodge wrote about Plains tribes, including the Cheyennes, in 1882, he noted: �Though there are yet many very elaborately ornamented tomahawks, they are regarded rather as an insignia of rank, to be carried on ceremonial occasions, but are scarcely thought of as weapons� (420). Formal COURTING is, indeed, ceremonial. The man wears a German silverplate hair ornament, with one immature golden eagle feather attached between the first and second hairplates down from his scalplock. His blue Lakota courting blanket has a distinct beaded medicine wheel strip. His dark clout, with undyed selvedge edges, extends to the ground. This is one of the few occasions when a man's leggings are banded, but these are broad bands, like those from Hudson�s Bay blankets cut so that the woven stripes create striped leggings. The women's banded ankles are not so thick. The woman facing him appears in a Navajo chief's blanket (third phase?), and her red facepaint extends along the visible hairline. Ends of red trade cloth dress panels show under her blanket, with undyed selvedge edges. Her uncolored legs or leggings end at four bands drawn around her ankles. The next man is identical to the first, except he has no tomahawk. His hairplate ornament is slightly shorter. Both men�s feet are crowded off the page and do not show. The final woman, facing the second man, wears a blue Lakota COURTING blanket with four-quartered medicine wheel design in the middle. She wears blue leggings with a row of white buttons or small German silver circular ornaments up the front vertical seam. Her red trade cloth dress panel ends show beneath the blanket, similar to the other woman�s. This is one of a sequence of drawings with similar composition (plates 19, 21-25). See plate 1 for further discussion of COURTING conventions.


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Provenance

Drawn in 1879 by one or more Northern Cheyenne prisoners in the Dodge City jail held for trial after breaking ...

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Document Info
Plate No: 24
Page No: 44-45
Media: Lead pencil outline, detail, and fill, yellow crayon; Lead pencil outlines, details, fill and blue crayon, red watercolor, black ink
Dimensions: 3.25 x 5 in (8.5 x 12.75 cm)
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